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Ali Kemal Bey (1867 – 6 November 1922) was a liberal Ottoman journalist, newspaper editor and poet〔 who was for some three months Minister of the Interior in the government of Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was murdered during the Turkish War of Independence. Kemal is the paternal grandfather of the British politician Stanley Johnson and great-grandfather of the current Mayor of London Boris Johnson, British Member of Parliament Jo Johnson, and journalist Rachel Johnson. ==Life and career== Ali Kemal's mother was a Circassian, reputedly of slave origin.〔Andrew Gimson, Boris: The Rise of Boris Johnson, 2012, p. 1957〕 Ali Kemal was a journalist who travelled widely and took his holidays in other countries. On one of several visits to Switzerland, he met and fell in love with an Anglo-Swiss girl, Winifred Brun, the daughter of Frank Brun by his marriage to Margaret Johnson.〔Zeki Kuneralp,, ''Ali Kemal: (1869 - 1922) ; a Portrait for the Benefit of His English Speaking Progeny'' (1993), p. 7〕 They were married in Paddington, London, Middlesex, on 11 September 1903.〔Stanley Johnson, ''Stanley I Presume'' (2009), p. 88〕 Early in his life, Kemal had acquired strong liberal democratic convictions, which caused him to be exiled from the Ottoman Empire under Abdulhamit II, but immediately after the end of the sultan's personal rule in July 1908, he became one of the most prominent figures in Ottoman journalistic and political life. Because of his opposition to the Young Turks who had made the revolution, he spent most of the following decade in opposition. He was at one time editor of the liberal ''İkdam'' newspaper and a leading member of the Liberal Union. In ''The Times'' dated 9 March 1909, on speculating that he would contest the seat of the late Minister of Justice Refik Bey, Ali Kemal was described as among the "''leading men of letters in Turkey, an excellent speaker, and personally very popular''". Ali Kemal was unanimously adopted as the candidate to represent the parliamentary constituency of Stambul at a meeting of the Liberal Union on 9 March 1909. After the murder of the editor-in-chief of the ''Serbestî'' newspaper, Hasan Fehmi ''Bey'', in April 1909, Ali Kemal Bey stated that he had warned Ismail Qemali ''Bey'' and Rifsat, the assistant editor of ''Serbestî'' that they had been condemned by extremists in Salonika. A media storm between the liberal paper ''İkdam'' and the conservative ''Tanin'' followed, with ''İkdam'' accusing Ahmed Rıza Bey of having been in favour of enlightened absolutism, and ''Tanin'', the organ of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) accusing the Liberal Union of being a subversive body, conspiring with Armenians. At that time Ali Kemal accused Rahmi Bey and Dr. Nâzım Bey of the Committee of Union and Progress of proposing his murder. These events became known as the 31 March Incident and were followed by the countercoup of 1909, an effort to dismantle the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire and replace it with an autocracy under Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Soldiers from Salonica deposed Abdul Hamid on 27 April 1909 and his brother Reshad Efendi was proclaimed as Sultan Mehmed V. Ali Kemal fled to exile in England, where in late in 1909, his wife Winifred gave birth to a son, Osman Wilfred Kemal, at Bournemouth, Hampshire. Shortly after giving birth his wife died of puerperal fever. They already had a daughter named Selma. Ali Kemal stayed with his mother-in-law Margaret Brun (née Johnson) and with his children, first in Christchurch, near Bournemouth, and then in Wimbledon until 1912, when he returned to the Ottoman Empire, soon marrying again. His second wife was Sabiha Hanim, the daughter of an Ottoman pasha. They had one son, Zeki Kuneralp, who was born in October 1914. On his return from exile, Ali Kemal made a speech in favour of a war against the Balkan League in Stambul on 3 October 1912. Montenegro started the First Balkan War by declaring war against the Ottomans on 8 October 1912. On a report dated 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day) speculating on the successor to Ahmed İzzet Pasha, ''The Times'' reported that Ali Kemal was backing Ahmed Tevfik Pasha to be grand vizier, with the support of the Naval and Khoja parties. A later report in ''The Times'' dated 19 May 1919, stated that Ali Kemal had been appointed Minister of the Interior in the cabinet of Damat Ferid Pasha, replacing Mehmed Ali Bey who had retired. Ali Kemal was one of the members of the Ottoman delegation to the Paris peace conference in June 1919. In an article dated 25 June 1919, ''The Times'' reported that Ali Kemal had accused agents of the Committee of Union and Progress of impeding the restoration of order in the Ottoman provinces, specifically accusing Talat Pasha of organizing Albanian brigand bands in the Ismid and Enver Pasha of doing the same in the Panderma, Balikesir, and Karasi districts. He also alleged that the CUP had £700,000 of party funds available for propaganda as well as numerous fortunes made by profiteering during the Great War. In fact, Ali Kemal had resigned between the filing of the report and its publication in ''The Times'' on 3 July 1919. With unequalled passion, Ali Kemal condemned the attacks on and massacres of the empire's Armenians during the First World War and inveighed against the Ittihadist chieftains as the authors of that crime, relentlessly demanding their prosecution and punishment. He campaigned also against the Kemalist movement. Along with other conservatives serving under the Sultan in Istanbul, Ali Kemal also set up an organisation known as the İngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti ("The Anglophile Society"), which advocated British protectorate status for Turkey. This, combined with his past opposition to the Committee of Union and Progress, made him anathema to the nationalist movement gathering strength in Ankara and fighting the Turkish War of Independence against the attempts between Greece and the Entente Powers to partition Anatolia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ali Kemal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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